Reversible pipe puller



Sept. 30, 1952 F. L. FRAlzER ET AL f 2,612,343

REVERSIBLE PIPE FULLER Filed June 6. 1949 wv Gftorneg Patented Sept. 30, 1952 ,2,612,343 REVERSIBLE PIPETULL'ER 4Frank L. `Fraizer and Ernest H. Waltz, Troy, Ohio, assignorsf to Trojan Manufacturing Company,

Troy, Ohio, .apartnership -Applicatin`Jlll1e 6, 1949, Seral'N0.5-97;4'68 l I'hisinvcntion relates .to-'pipe pullingapparatusfand particularly to relatively small, compact fand' portablerdevices vof ,this kindas used by contractors, for example, inpushing andpullingpipe `through conduits-"or directly through an-earthen Wall-Without need of excavating.' v f 'Such pipe .pullers have i vheretofore'y loeeny known v'as comprising :a ,pair ofmovable gripping de- "vices operating in conjunction `with one an- "other to effect a substantially` continuous ad- -vance o'f `the pipe 'in response to the swinging 'tto and'iro motionwof the operating lever. A @deficiency in the 'use of "the prior art -pullers has appeared, however, in Ithat .they are .non-revers- :ible -exceptloy the'act o'f bodily 'turning the ma- -v chine around so'that the `gripping'and feeding devices work in the ,opposite direction. Inasmuch as manypipe hauling operations have in- "termixed pulling "and" pushing phases, the lack 'of simpliiied reversing*procedure'has beenra dis- 'tinct limitation.y

The object ofthe invention is to Simplify the construction "as -well Aas lthe means .and mode of operation of `pipe pullers 'as disclosed herein, whereby suchdevices 'mayl not only :be f .economi- -"callymanufactured, abut will be more efficient :and satisfactory `inv use,'adaptable vto different vconditions-having relatively few parts land be Vvunlikely to get out of repair.`

A further object of this invention is to incorporate in pipe pullers 'of the classv describedy a" 'feature of'reversibilityi'vvhereby the gripping .and r4'feeding devices `may be vcausedalternately to. pull orto push the `pipe with the isame swinging '-motion of theactuating lever and'vvithout the 'of the ma-v Anecessity of changing the 'position chine. t, `l'ti'ich'objcct is 'in part attained yby the interzposing 'of van "adjustable clutch' mechanism `be- Htween the actuating `lever'and the gripipng vand feeding devices. .i f y A further'object of the invention -is to provide -a neutral positionof adjustment .for the clutch mechanism in Whichfthe gripping and feeding ydevices lare ineffective .to act upon the pipe..

Affurtherobject to incorporate .in the clutch,

V mechanism ,positions of adjustment vto accommodate pipes of vvarying diameter Afor either Vpullingor pushing. y 4

Still vanother v object is to provide a `machine which .is generallymore llexible and adaptablethan those heretofore` known, 'embodying additi'onalfeatures ofjnoveltvsuch as Va'rrieans fo "varying the applied powerratio.

I A runner @meer of thel-injfennon-is to vprcviie a puller Y.,possessing-.the advantageous :structural features, .the inherent meritorious characteris-r tics and vthe mode `of'operation'-herein men-'- "tionecL with the above ,primary andf other: incidental objectsiin .view'as Will morefully appearlinlthe specication, the inventionintende'd to beypr'o'- 'tecte'd'by Lettersv Patent consists-of the :features .of construction, the parts and .combinations thereof, 'and the Akmodevof operation, aszhereinrafterdescribed or illustratedl in .the-"accompany- Vingdrawinga'or theirfetiuivalents.`

Referring Yto vthe iaccompan'ying `:dra-wing. wherein .is found the v,preferred :but Vobviously `not necessarily the only Vform of-embodiment-:of the invention, i

Fig. l-is a perspectiveview of afpipepulling vmachine 'ine accordance With the :instant rinven- Adevice of the puller, shown 1 inl neutral gposition;

Fig. 3 is-a viewfsimilarto'Fig. 2, shoWingf-the device with thel clutch mechanism :adjusted Safor `pushing of the-pipe;

'Figs. v4 .and 5'1are partly diagrammatic Aviews vof theainovinggparts of the Lpipepuller indicating the manner in which the pair 'of p-griplpng'fand .feeding devices .are operated conjointly to :effect .a .continuous'movement vof the pipe; y"and .Fig. 6 yisfa View in cross 'sectiongtaken'` along the line 66-,of@ffig`.2. v

rLike 4gpartsare indicated bvsimilar characters of referencethroughout thev several views.

Referring to Fig. 1v of the drawings, the Kfap-v paratus vof 'the .inyentionicomprlses a .frame l0 'madenup chend-.members llil and interconnecting spaced apart bars-4:2,1Which'may be f weldedfor otherwise `-secured into an integral-istructure.

.',Ihe -endtmembers 1H vand bars l2 areL-shaped viewed `in cross'section, the .'former presenting openings I3 `in vtheir bottom portions, whereby the apparatus maybe fastened to ya's'tationaryV support. The 'upstanding :portions .of Athe zend members-lvl have central openings through which thepipe P is passed, :bearing and :alignment members I4 being fixed to endrmembers I-l ninfa position :of registry with the op'enin'gs'itherein.

-Pivota'lly connected '.to the inner 'surface ofy each of the longitudinalbars "I2, 'about Emid-Way along the'length thereof, is one arm 'f-abifurcated operating lever I5, provided'vvithla tubular ,shank portion 'f6 vvhich may be grasped "bvhanid vfor operation o'f'the lever f5, 'or which 4'univieceive an extension pipe or like device vvhen greater levera'geis necessary or desirable. -Each 3 arm of thelever I5 has a link I1 connected thereto, which links extend toward the left hand or front end of the frame and are connected at their opposite ends to levers I8. The levers I8, as viewed in Figs. 4 and 5, are pivotally connected at I9 to a respective bar I2, and each has a portion I8a extending beyond and beneath/W the pivot point. I9, Connected to each arm I8 above the "pivot point I9 is a short link 2l, and connected to each portion I8a beneath pivot point I9 is a similar short link 22. 2I and 22 is respectively connected to an elongated slide 23 and 24 which are mounted in superimposed relation on the bottom inturned portions of the bars I2 and extend toward the rear or right hand end of the frame.

Accordingly, and as illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5, swinging motion of the levers I8 results in a, reciprocating motion of the slides 23 and 24, the strokes of the slides being in opposite rela- Ia'by the links I1. It y'will be noted that the links I1 are connected to the levers I8 by pins .passed throughra selected one of a series of "openings 25 in the levers I8. A particular open- 'iing '25 is selected infaccordance vwith the power ratio which it is desired to utilize in the operation 'fofrthe levers I8, this being, of course, determined bythe amount of resistance oiered to movement of the pipe.

-Thev slides 23 and 24 represent the direct .'meansof actuatingiofv `the pipe gripping and pulling or` pushing mechanism. Such mechayfnisr'n 'is here illustrated as comprising two units 26 and 21 which are substantially identical in rtheir construction and mode of operation. This fbeing'fso', only one such unit will be here' de- 'scribed in detail.

'-:pReferrin'g to v unit 26, for example, there is included therein a, channel shaped body 28 (see Figi 6) which includes a base portion, slidably mounted upon the inturnediianges on the bars 1'I2',.and.spaced apart upstanding bracket portions 29. In the' outer surface of each bracket 29 is a recess 3I constructed and arranged to receive a flat'fabutment member 32 secured to each slide `23;"-2f'I'herecess 3I is wider than the abutment lmember 32- so as V'to provide a lost motion period in'the'operation of the body 28 by the slides 23, but, as the'members 32 engage' the sides of recesses 3|, the body 28 is pulled or pushedalong theslideway dened by bars I2. Secured withv'in'the body 28 on the base thereof is a pipe trough'33 which may, if desired, be made integral with the body. The trough 33 registers with the vcorresponding trough in unit 21 and with the -bearing members 'I4 on the frame and receives :andv guideslthe pipe P as indicated in Fig. 6.

The upperends of the brackets 29 support therebetween a pivot pin 34. Pivotally mounted .upon thev pin 34, in overlying relation to the` y-trough 33',` is a gripping hjaw. 35. 3.5 `has a relatively narrow elongated shape.

Its underside is arcuate shaped in its lon-` gitudinal dimension and substantially concave @inv its lateral or transverse dimension. lur-,v ther, such underside is serrated to provide grip- Each link "stood that the peripheral notches in the plate 4 ping teeth 36. The upper surface o1' the jaw 35 has an angular formation, sloping upwardly and outwardly from its mid-portion, through which portion the pivot pin 34 is passed.

Also pivotally mounted upon the pin 34 in the plane adjacent to the jaw 35 is a segmental shaped clutch plate 31. As shown in Fig. 6, the plate 31has an integral projecting rib 38 on its inner Vsurface terminating in an arm 39 pivotally mounted on the pin 34 on the opposite side of the jaw 35. A curved rod 4I has its ends anchored in the upper surface of the jaw 35 adjacent the ends thereof and passes through the projecting rib 38 of the clutch plate 31. Coil springs -42 and Y43 surround the rod 4I and are interposed between the jaw 35 and respective sides of the rib 38. The construction and arrangement is such as to center the clutch plate 31 with respect to the jaw 35, and to provide a yielding connection between the jaw and plate. The peripheral surface of the clutch plate 31 is formed with a rst or lefthand series of notchesA 44, and with a second or right hand series of notches 45, and with a central or intermediate notch 46. Cooperative with the notches 44, 45 and 46 is a clutch dog 41 pivotally mounted upon the pin 34 in the plane adjacent to the plate 31. The clutch dog 41 is formed on its upper end with a flange 48 overlying the peripheral edge of plate 31. The flange 48 carries and has passed therethrough a wing-nut bolt 49. By relative rocking motion between the plate 31 and dog 41, the bolt 49 may be caused to register withy a selected `oneof the notches 44, 45 and 46, and lthe bolt vmay then be turned down to enter the selected notch to engage the clutch dog with the clutch plate.

The clutch dog 41. has a stud 5I settherein which is received in a slot or recess in the top of the adjacent abutment member 32. Accordingly, motion of the abutmentfmember 32 in response to axial movement of the slide 23 serves to rock the clutch dog 41 and, with it, the plate 31 and jaw A35 about pivot pin'34. The extent of rocking motion permitted the assembly, comprising dog 41, plate 31, 'and jaw 35, is limited to the extent of motion permitted abutment member 32 relatively to the body 28, and occurs Within the lost motion period previously described.

In'the operation of the unit, it will be under- 31 and the selective engagement therewith of the clutch dog 41 is productive of reversing means, whereby either the to or fro stroke of the slides 23 may be utilized to eect gripping engagement of the jaw 35 with vthe pipe. Thus, if the clutch dog 41 is engaged in one of the notches 44, such preliminary positioning of the clutch plate will result in the Aright hand end of the jaw 35 approaching more closely to the trough 33 and thepipe mounted therein. Accordingly, when the slide 23 moves in a right hand direction, as viewed in Figs. 2 and 3, the initial limited motion of abutment member 32 relative to body 28 is eilectivathrough clutch ,dog 41 and plate 31, to move the jaw 35 the additional distance required to place it into gripping engagement With'the pipe. Similarly, if thev `clutch plate and jaw 35 are preliminarily positioned so as to lock the clutch dog 41 in one .Y of the notches 45, the left hand end of the jaw 35 is caused to approach the trough 33 and pipe P. In this instance, therefore, leftward motion of the slide 23 is eiective to cause the N termas .f-plateelaarezadiustedxas-.rshown iii-Fig` l.3, motion 0f fthe. Qperatingllever. I5 in :.aleftward .or counftetciockwise ,'.directionifserves to rock the levers its` mea.; similar-direction. Accor-.dir 1gly,V theslides r23z-1a15e; pulled leftwardly. The-,start :off such. moit ntinds :the: abutment. members 32 against .the rlighthand. side .of therrecesse's .3|.in the brackets i219 ,sandthe'r boiiy. 8. shifted to .ai rightward position. Furthengjaw 351s.' in .gripping engagement withtfhe ;pipe. f-AsA .theislides ;2 .-3:.begin.,their leftfward onrearward-trayel, theabutment .members e152 innove, lforna briefinterval, relatively to ,the

tbnackets 5.29 l.until theyeengage -the.'opposite:side' wedges .Ofathe receses-BL .In .this intervalfof y.lost

motion, the one abutmentL member isfeieetivecby reason of its connection vazi/ itin.clutchl dog 41, to rockethfclutch, .p1ate-.31. anda aw l35 .in,.-a.c ounter ,.clookwiseldirection,.movingfthe g'aw :out-.of grip- .ping .engagement ll-with the pipe. New, .as the f-abutment members engage... the Asideedges `of kthe frecesses I the. body 2 ilbegins-to; move with the sslidesanditheyclutch.and iaw...elements.ar.e .car-

ried therewith. .The lbody .and `.its .associated i.parts thereby is returned .orrestoredto astarting position. l

When the. lever.- I..5 isf swungintheaopposte di- .f-rcctomlorin aQclockwise .directionsotmovement, zas viewed in Fig l,.the... levers I8 ,.are. similarly moved .and 4.the .slides 2 3 are Y.pushed forwardly, ,.,or .tothe fright. `During the. initial Lphase of .this function, ythe -:abutment. memb,ers 32 move within :,the; recesses s3 I .relatively 5to; the. body. 2 Band are .,eiective-.to lrockuthe clutchdo'gll.. plateflSfI .and -iawi35 inta-.clockwise direction to ,placethe jaw .in gripping engagement with .thegpipe ,-As `right-- .ward .or ,forward motionv of theqslides k23y .con-

tinues, abutment members 32 engage or..pickr.,up "50 the brackets 29 andshift vthe Ibody'.`a n.dfits asf .sociated parts to...exert ...a .pulling or '.pushing ...infiuence .upon the: pipe, which, .being gripped .-.be-

tween.,the .jaw 3.3.5 ,and trough j 33;' .carried .with

. 4.the '.fbody. The .pressureexerted .through the lclutchfgdog A1 an'dlutch;plateilupon theliaw 35 isa yieldingpressuraby. reasonjdfethe .springs M .and .43.

The. second gripping .andpulling uniti 2 l oper-`v `.ates in thesame manner .as thejrst and,` jjfurther, is. arrangedV to. actin conjunction therewith toutilize both the .tolandifro rocking motions .of

move .cppositelyin timedrelation to the movel 65 ments ofthelslidesA 2.3, cause u niti'21 togrip'and pun the pipe 'duringthe period..thaeunitfzseis "releasing the pipe and being 'retractedto'v starting position. 4Similarly, as unit"26-'grips and pulls the pipe,K unit-21 f is LAbeing released and retracted -ibythe slides-i214. Theseconjoint'operations of the units -2-6--and"21 'u'pon the /pipe 4:lare: indicated in= the l partly-'diagrammatic views,` Figs; J4- and 5- AllFrom theeabove-descriptionlit willibeea'pparent :thatczthere:isathusnfprovidedf a devicetof dischar- :.acter:describedfpossessingz the -particularteatnres sof;advantagebeforeaenumeratedsasidesirablaixbiit .whichf obvouslyis .susceptible of modication fin its form,;proportion s,.detail"constnuctionxand"are 5 :rangement :of :parts lwithoutldeparting.,frorn .fthe

.principle involveduor sacricing .-s any :of its :ad-

'fvantages -inventionhas .been described language :more

.10 or less; specicas :tosstructural features,it iszto beiunderstood that the .invention isfnotlimited fto the .specific features shown, abut :that l:the :means and construction :her-.ein .disclosed 3com- -.prise 'fbiit one 1 of :several modes `:of .putting the 15 invention into elect.

"Having thus-describe'dgour.v inventiom we;c1aim: l.' -A-reversible; pipe puller-,i includingwaimovable body. havingya trough. to-.receivea length. .ofpipe r and az-pairA .of i upstanding gbrackets 1on1 theeoppo- @go-sitezsides of said `trough,'a pivot pin. supported between said brackets, f an :arcuate gripping fJ'aw pivotallyV mounted :on saidpin; inzoverlyingzrelaition to said trough, said jaw being-,movable alternatively to .engage l"the .ends thereof with; a. pipe.' '.25 i in :said trough, a clutch .platefmounted.onisald pin and -havingagserieszofrnotches in its ipe-- .'riphery, .oppositely disposed .yielding f means' between said clutch plate fand 4the .'opposite zen-ds of -said `jaw tending :to ;connect,.:saidplatefand '.30 awgforsrnotionrasa unit'but permittingfrelative rmotion therebetween, a1 clutchfydog. selectivel-yaengageable in y'the peripheral notchesl in said. plate,

`and reciprocable .means .actingjin one direction of .motion initially to pmoveisaid .clutch dog to 35 engage said jaw with the-pipe. and. subsequently Vtoshift -saidzbody to .advancexthe pipe andfacting in the Aopposite direction .otlnotion initially :to move vsaid clutch. dog. to. release said yj aw lfrom-the pipe .-and.. subsequently .to .return said body :inde- -40 pendently of 4the pipe, theadvanceof .-thefpipe occurring duringa .directionsof motion Aoifisaild. reciprocablemeans predetermined .by the position ofwadjustrnent of said clutch dog upon said vclutch plate. 2. A reversible pipe pullenincludingaa movable '4 0 vbody presenting a trough toreceive. a lengthof :pipe andapair of upstanding brackets ori-the opposite sides of' said trough, apivot .pin sup- Vported between said bracketsgan arcuate-gripping jaw ,pivotally mounted upon said. pin in overlying vrelation to said 1 trough, la segmentalshaped clutchfplate mounted on said pin .and-havingleft hand and right. handlseries .of peripheralnotches,

a `connection@between .said plate `tand said ja-m' a clutch dog vpivotally mountedonsaid pin fand 5 i settable selectivelyginto thenotches onsaid plate Iaecording to'whether thepipeis tofbepulledor ,pushed and. in accordance j with .the diameter of the pipe, reciprocab-le means 'operatively connected to'said dog, anda-connection between said 'reciprocable means and said body providing for a lost :motion period during .which period said clutch-:dog is operated to engageisaid jaw :with the ypipe iny one direction of :motion vand to vdis- Iengage .said/jaw afrom r'the fpipe :in itlrley opposite direction of'movement. y

3. A reversiblepipe pullerpincludinga movable body presenting a trough :to 'receive ra .lengthy of pipe land afpair 'of `upstano'lingibraclrets:0n-the f'zofoppositefsides vof'said trough, apivot-'pin -supported between said brackets-fan arcuate gripping ija-w .pivotally -mounted'- upon Afsaid" pirrin .overlyf ing relation f tof-said trough,*"a'f'segnietal'` shaped clutch plate-mounted onsaid'A pin and'fha-ving left 'T375 handandrighthand:series Ieffpe'ripheralinotches,

i '7 'a-yieldingiconnectionfbetween said plate and said Vljawaaclutch .dog pivotallymounted on said` pin 'andadjustablerelativetosaid plate for selective engagement within the'peripheral notches in the plateysaid adjustment being predetermined as to saidseries by the desired direction of motion of the pipe and as to the notches in a series by the d'iameter. of the pipe, Aand a reciprocatory actuator connected. to said clutch dog and operable upon said body, there being a lost motion period in the '-.operation of said' bodyby said vactuator during which period said clutch dog is effective to engage and disengage said jaw with respect to V"the ,pipe in respective directions of movement of said actuator. 1

'i4.fA`reversible pipe puller, including a movable body'V presenting atrough to receive al length of 'pipe'and a pair of upstanding brackets'on the opposite sides of ysaid trough, a pivot pin supported between said brackets, anarcuate gripping f `Va'yielding connection between said plate and said rjaw, a clutch dogpivotally mounted on said pin andladjustable relativefto said plate vfor selective engagement within the peripheral notches in the plate, said adjustment being predetermined as to -said series bythe desired direction of motion of -thefpipe'and aslto the notches in a series by the diameter of the; pipe, an abutment member pivyotally connected to said clutch dog, a recessY in one of .said body brackets receiving said abutment member, said recess being wider than said abutment member, and a reciprocatory slide `securedto said abutment member and operable therethrough to reciprocate said body, the lost motion 'of said abutment member in said recess beingutilized to engage and disengage said gripping jaw with respect tothe pipe.`

5. A reversible pipe' puller according to claim 4, 'characterized vby a, second movable body and gripper jaw mechanism in series with and the same as the mechanism described, and a swinging lever arranged to push and pull the reciprocatory slides of said rst and second mechanism in inverse'relation to one another.

6. A reversible pipe puller, including a movable body presenting a trough to receive a length of pipe, a reciprocatory actuating slide for said body, a connection between said slide and said body providing for a lost motion period in the operation of said'body by said slide, a gripping jaw supported by said body in overlying relation to said trough, clutch means between said slide and 'said jaw for moving said jaw into gripping en'gagement'with a pipe in said trough during the lost motion period in the movement of said slide in one direction and for moving said jaw out of gripping engagement during the lost motion period of said slide in the opposite direction, and a reversing connection in said clutch means for utilizing alternatively the directions of movement of .said slide for gripping and releasing the pipe. 7 A reversible pipe puller, including a movable body presenting a trough to receive a length of pipe and a pair of upstanding brackets along- VVside said trough, a recess in the outer surface of each said brackets, a reciprocatory slide arranged .alongsidefeach said brackets, an abutment mem- .ber secured- -to each of said slides and received in ,a respective recess of an associated bracket to accomplish to and fro shifting motion of said `:movable body/in response to reciprocation of ksaid-` slides, 'said abutment members being of lesser width-than said recesses whereby to dene a lost motion period at the vstart of each stroke of the slides, a pivotpin supported between the brackets,

Aan arcuate shaped gripping jaw pivotally clutch dog; being cooperatively engageable with a selected one of the seriesof notches in'fsaid clutch plate and operable in said lost motion periods to move said gripping jaw into and out of gripping A engagement with a pipe in said trough, the gripping and releasing motions of said jaw bearing aV relation to thestrokes of said slide predetermined byj'the adjustment of said clutch direction of motion ofsaidslde.v

dog relatively to saidjclutch plate.

8. A reversible Vpipe puller according to claim 7, eharacterizedbyfa central Ynotch in said clutch plate representing a` neutral position in which said clutch dog is ineffective to move said jaw into gripping engagement with the pipe in either a slide movably vmounted on each side ofv saidv bodies for shifting said i'lrst body in a to and fro direction, another slide on `each side of said bodies for similarly shifting said second body, gripping means associated with each said bodies and operable lto grip and release the pipe 'length in timed relation to and in response to actuation of said slides, an actuating lever pivoted tothe frame for the pair of slideson each side of said bodies, links interconnecting each of said levers to individual slides of each pair, one of saidv links being connected to4 a lever aboveits pivot point and the other link being connected to thelever beneath the pivot point, an actuator for effecting a simultaneous rocking motion of said levers about `their pivots,v and means for applyingvfaI greater and lesser powerratio to said levers from said actuator." f I p o' L 10. In a pipe puller having a pair of oppositely reciprocating pipe grippers, `means for reciproeating said grippers and means for automatically engaging said grippers with a pipe in timed sequence with the travel motion of the grippers and in predetermined directions of said travel motion, including a resiliently mounted jaw assembly pivotally Supported on each of said grippers, a retaining latch engageable with said jaw ating said grippers through simultaneous reciprocatory movements in opposite directions.A ,l

1.1. In `a pipe handling apparatus, a pairof reciprocatory. v pipe gripping members, actuating means therefor, a; lost vmotion clutch mechanism interconnecting the actuating means andthe gnppers, ag-,jaw assembly carried by eachA gripper 9 and operatively connected with the clutch mechanism for engaging the jaw assembly and gripper with a pipe to be handled, and means for adjusting said jaw .assembly relative to the clutch mechanism to determine the direction of reciprocatory movement of the grippers during which the grippers and associated jaw assembly is engaged with the pipe.

12. In a pipe handling apparatus, a pair of re.v ciprocatory pipe grippers, actuating means .therefor whereby the grippers are simultaneously actuated in opposite directions o1 reciprocatory movement, oscillatory means carried by each gripper for resiliently engaging a pipe to be handled. and a reversible clutch mechanism interconnecting the actuating means and grippers, adjustment of which determines the direction of gripper travel during which the pipeis resiliently engaged by the gripper.

13. In a pipe handling apparatus, a pair of reciprocatory pipe gripping members, each said members including a jaw adjustable into and out of gripping engagement with a pipe common 10 to said members, an actuating lever movable to and fro, linkage interconnecting said actuating lever and said members and operable to reciprog cate said members in an opposed relation to one another, a lost motion connection in said linkage, clutch means operable from said linkage to adjust said jaws during the lost motion period, and individual controls in said clutch means settable from a neutral'positionfwherein said jaws may not engage the pipe to alternative positions wherein the jaws engage the pipe during either 1 thev to or yfro motion of the actuating lever.

FRANK L. FRAIZER. ERNEST H. WALTZ.

- REFERENCES CITED Scott et a1. Oct. 6, 1936 

